Endocrine Abstracts

The Endocrine Society guidelines define male hypogonadism as a ‘clinical syndrome’ where the diagnosis is based on symptoms or signs and unequivocally low serum testosterone (T) levels. Generally accepted by most clinicians, diagnosis of male hypogonadism is clinically relevant because T replacement can restore libido and correct sexual dysfunction, increase lean and decrease fat mass, increase in bone mineral density and vitality. Low serum T is associated wi...

Background: The diagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix is rare, they are less than 2% of cervical cancers, and it is considered an unusual entity of diagnosis. In Peru there is only one published case record of this histological type of neoplasm. Methods: Data was taken from a patient from the electronic medical record of the Alberto Sabogal Sologuren National Hospital in Lima - Peru, who received treatment with etoposide and cisplatin (EP),...

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism is associated with numerous cardiovascular complications including hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and calcification of cardiac valves. However, guidelines from expert panels and NICE have not included cardiovascular complications as an indication of parathyroidectomy. This literature review will be focused on benefits of parathyroidectomy on cardiovascular complications of primary hyperparathyroidism....

Both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are the result of a complex interaction between genes and environment, as well as complex interactions between the tissues of the body. The latter include effects of new adipokines released by fat that influence insulin action in other tissues of the body, as well as increasingly complex effects of the brain and adipose tissue on control of metabolism. Mouse models provide a powerful tool to investigate these interactions in disease patho...

The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is a major regulatory centre of energy homeostasis by possessing the unique capability of simultaneously controlling endocrine axes, water balance and autonomic functions. It receives neuronal information form orexigenic and anorexigenic cell groups of the basal hypothalamus that monitor peripheral metabolic signals (leptin, insulin, ghrelin, glucose, glucocorticoids) and also from brainstem centers relaying sensory information fr...

The hippocampus is majorly involved in memory formation. The insulin pathway regulates the level of GSK-3β, which is involved in the formation of amyloid beta and Tau. Allium sativumhas been shown to reduce amyloidogenesis and increase brain insulin sensitivity. 32 male Wistar rats were used in this experiment. They were grouped into 4, each with 8 rats. Group A (Sham), B (3 mg/kg of streptozotocin), group C (3 mg/kg of streptozotocin +300 mg/kg of Allium sat...

Introduction: Ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) is associated with small cell carcinoma of the lung. It is reported as a rare condition. Here we report three cases of undiagnosed bronchogenic carcinoma who presented with EAS within a period of 12 months.Case 167-year-old lady, smoker, presented with severe proximal myopathy of 4 week duration. Clinically she appeared cushingoid. Newly diagnosed Type two diabetes. Lab tests – potassi...

Klinefelter syndrome (XXY males) is the most common sex chromosome aneuploidy, occurring in about 1 per 500 men. To study the underlying molecular mechanisms caused by the extra X chromosome, we have developed an experimental mouse model for men with Klinefelter’s syndrome. We have demonstrated that adult XXY mice have absence of germ cells, decreased serum testosterone levels, and elevated gonadotropin levels. Testicular failure begins early as a result of massive germ c...

Journal of Endocrinology 2013 219 51–58. DOI: 10.1530/JOE-13-0167...

Introduction: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, but highly malignant endocrine tumor. Surgery is the primary choice of treatment. In case of inoperable disease or tumor recurrence, therapy with the adrenolytic drug mitotane is usually applied. Plasma mitotane concentrations of >14 mg/l (50 μM) seem required for an effect on tumor mass. Despite its clinical use, the effects of mitotane on cell proliferation and hormone production have been poorly investigated <...